中国儿童营养状况15年变化分析——中国儿童生长发育主要影响因素的变化

The changes of the attributable factors of child growth

目的了解15年儿童生长发育影响因素的变化，为进一步改善儿童营养提供依据。方法利用logistic回归方法分析了影响儿童生长发育的主要影响因素及其对儿童生长迟缓的归因危险度（AR％），并分析了1990～2005年来这些因素的变化。结果2005年影响儿童生长的主要影响因素为：母亲文化程度低．母亲外出打工，调查前24小时未添加鸡蛋和奶类，人均在贫困线以下等。这些因素对6～24月龄儿童生长迟缓的归因危险度分别为40．5％，35．5％，24．2％，18．7％，21．9％。1990年～2005年间，社会经济状况、母亲文化、母乳喂养、辅食添加等因素有了很大的改善。但近年来农村母亲外出打工人数增加，影响了儿童的喂养和照料，是儿童生长发育的不利因素。结论社会经济发展是儿童生长发育提高的直接因素；喂养和母亲的照料是儿童生长发育水平提高的关键因素，可以加速也可以抵消经济发展的积极作用；提高儿童身高发育是中国继续提高儿童健康和体质的要素，应实施有针对性的儿童膳食营养干预措施。

Objective To role out the attributable factors of child growth in China and the changes of the factors in the past 15 years for the planning of future nutrition improvement of children in China. Method The datasets of 1990 - 2005 China Food and Nutrition Surveillance were used and the Multi-factorial Logistic Regression analysis was used. The AR% of these factors and the changes of the attributable factors during the past 15 years were presented. Result The main factors attributed to the growth of children under 5 in year 2005 were low education level of mothers （AR = 40.5%）, floating out-for-job mothers （AR% = 35.5%）, No egg introduction in the past 24 hours （AR = 24.2%）, No milk introduction in the past 24 hours（18.7% ） and household income below national poverty line （21.9%）. Many of the attributable factors have improved significantly during the past 15 years. However, the increasing number of flouting out- for-job mothers will have more impact on the quality of child feeding and child care. Conclusion Social economic development is the direct factors to child growth, while other factors such as feeding and mother care are critical factors could either accelerate or counteract the positive effects of the favorable socioeconomic development. To improve height growth is essential to further enhance health and fitness of children under 5 focused nutrition and dietary intervention should be implemented.