肾蕨配子体发育的研究

Gametophyte Development in Nephrolepis auriculata(L.) Trimen

利用光学显微镜观察肾蕨(Nephrolepis auriculata)孢子的萌发及配子体发育过程。结果表明:成熟的孢子棕黄色,不透明,极面观圆球形,赤道面观豆形,单裂缝,表面光滑。孢子萌发类型为书带蕨型,播种后15 d左右萌发,形成5-12个细胞长的丝状体。原叶体发育为三叉蕨型。30 d左右发育为片状体,45 d左右形成幼原叶体,幼原叶体不对称,成熟原叶体心脏形对称。原叶体边缘及背腹面都具毛状体,毛状体由单细胞构成。60 d左右精子器开始出现,精子器近圆球形,由3个细胞构成。70 d左右颈卵器出现,成熟颈卵器颈部由4列细胞构成,3-5层细胞高。原叶体受精后1个月内可看到幼胚生成。

The spore germination and the gametophyte development in Nephrolepis auriculata were observed by light microscope. The mature spores are yellow-brown, monolete, opaque, bean-shaped in equatorial view and elliptical in polar view with a smooth surface. The spore germination pattern is of the Vittaria-type. It occurs about 15 days after sowing and forms a filament of 5 -12 cells in length. The gametophyte development is of the Aspidiumtype, coming into being the prothallus cells about 30 days after sowing followed by young asymmetrical prothalli at the 45~ day. The mature prothalli are symmetrically heart-shaped. Unicellular hairs spread on the upper and lower surfaces and along the margin of the prothalli. The antheridium is visible 60 days after sowing, pelletlike, consisting of three cells. Within the following ten days, archegonium is available. The neck of mature archegonium is composed of 4 rows of cells and 3-5 layers of cells high. Young embryos are present within one month after fertilization.