摘要
北极环境(包括海冰)正在发生变化。虽然这些变化对因纽特人和因努皮特人(Inupiat)生活方式的影响因地域的不同而不同,但也存在共同之处。这里所报道的研究包括了一支庞大研究队伍的意见的交流,队伍中有来自美国阿拉斯加巴罗地区和加拿大努纳瓦特(Nunavut)克莱德河的渔民、长者和其他人员,还有一些访问学者。虽然巴罗和克莱德河的自然环境极为不同,但当地居民对海洋环境,包括海冰的利用有许多共同之处。近年来,在这两处也已观察到广泛的变化,迫使当地居民以许多不同的方式加以应对。尽管通常是一致的或互补的,对海冰的科学认识和本地知识经常反映出不同的看法和着重点。因此,归纳影响和反应的工作很具挑战性,应该谨慎对待。技术在适应海冰变化的应用上提供了一些潜在的帮助,但就其本身而言,那是不够的且有时会招致一些人们所不希望的结果。那些可靠的、可用于变化的环境下的知识是不可缺少的。协同研究和第一手的经验,在产生这类新知识上面是非常重要的。
The Arctic environment,including sea ice,is changing.The impacts of these changes to Inuit and In upiat ways of life vary from place to place,yet there are common themes as well.The study reported here involved an exchange of hunters,Elders,and others from Barrow,Alaska,USA,and Clyde River,Nunavut,Canada,as members of a larger research team that also included visiting scientists.Although the physical environments of Barrow and Clyde River are strikingly different,the uses of the marine environment by residents, including sea ice,had many common elements.In both locations,too,extensive changes have been observed in recent years,forcing local residents to respond in a variety of ways. Although generally in agreement or complementary to one another,scientific and indigenous knowledge of sea ice often reflect different perspectives and emphases.Making generalizations about impacts and responses is challenging and should therefore be approached with caution.Technology provides some potential assistance in adapting to changing sea ice,but by itself,it is insufficient and can sometimes have undesirable consequences.Reliable knowledge that can be applied under changing conditions is essential. Collaborative research and firsthand experience are critical to generating such new knowledge.
