超越女性话语,走向“无我”境界——艾丽斯·默多克小说的美学追求,兼论《在网下》

Toward an “Unselfing" State: Iris Murdoch's Novel Under the Net

艾丽斯·默多克是当代英国具有非凡才智的女作家、哲学家。她的小说以其深邃的哲理、生动的故事情节、兼容并蓄的艺术风格而闻名于当今世界文坛,为我们展现了更加开放的、多维的艺术世界和现代西方社会的人生百态。本文试图从默多克的小说创作理念入手来评介她的小说叙事话语、美学主张,以及她小说的非女性主义写作特征,并以她的第一部小说《在网下》为例来阐释小说中的男性叙述角度,从而揭示默多克作为一个艺术家和哲学家,对“无我”境界的不懈追求,对人的存在问题、对生活和艺术本质等问题的深刻思考。

The present thesis intends to approach Iris Murdoch, an outstanding writer as well as a famous philosopher in contemporary Britain, from the perspective of the narrative discourse of her novels. Based on a comparison between the feminist critical theory and Murdoch's own theory of writing, the thesis discusses the unique non-feminist features of Murdoch's works and thus reveals her distinctive aesthetic orientation—an “unselfing' state. The thesis takes Murdoch's first novel Under the Net as an example to analyze her unique narrative point of view, namely, the third-person male narrative, and to illustrate how Murdoch skillfully handles the relationship between writer, narrator and protagonist as well as the relationship between narration and impersonation.