超空泡技术现状、问题与应用

CURRENT STATUS,PROBLEMS AND APPLICATIONS OF SUPERCAVITATION TECHNOLOGY

超空泡技术可以使运动体在水中的阻力降低90%左右,辅以先进的推进技术,运动体在水中将可以实现超高速的“飞行”．超空泡减阻技术对海战武器的研制产生了巨大的影响,目前,俄罗斯已经研制成功了速度达100m/s的“暴风”超空泡鱼雷；美、德、法等国都正在进行超空泡减阻技术的基础与应用研究；我国也于近年开展了超空泡技术的基础研究．本文综述了超空泡技术研究的现状、问题与应用．介绍了空化的基本原理、超空泡概念及其减阻机理；总结了空化器设计、通气超空泡的生成与控制技术、空泡稳定性及超空泡航行体稳定性技术等若干关键技术；回顾了国内外超空泡技术试验与数值模拟研究进展等．最后分析了大型超空泡武器研究的技术难点,并对超空泡技术领域的研究方向进行了展望．

Supercavitation technology can reduce drags of underwater vehicles up to 90% percent. With the advanced propulsion technology, a super-high speed can be achieved, just like flying in the air. Supercavitation technology has a remarkable impact on the research of naval weapons. Russia has successfully developed the Shkval torpedo, which can travel at about 100m/s under water. The researches on theoretical basis and applications of supercavitation technology are carried out in many other countries, such as the US, Germany, French and so on, and also in our country in recent years. The current status, problems and applications of supercavitation technology are reviewed in this paper. The basic principle of cavitation, the conception of supercavitation and its drag reduction mechanism are introduced first. Some key questions are summarized, including design of cavitator, generation and control of ventilated supercavitation, stability of cavity and supercavitation vehicle. Then the research progress of the numerical simulation and experimental approaches of supercavitation technology are reviewed. At the end, some difficulties with respect to large-scale supercavitation weapons are analyzed, and further research topics in this field are suggested.