历代五行学说中土与长夏相配及五行顺序的探讨

Sequence of Five Elements and Correspondence of Earth and Later Summer in the Theory of Five Elements of Generations

历代五行学说多有差异,尤其五行与四时(五季)相配问题,说法更不统一。大致有6种学说:①一年分五季,分别与五行相配,每季时间均为72天,一年360天;②长夏分主四季中每季最后18日;③长夏为夏季最末一个月,即农历六月;④长夏有名无实;⑤一年均分为五季,每季时间均为73天5刻(100刻为1天);⑥一年为12个月,每季3个月,分为四季和24节气,一年共365日余。作者认为,五行与四时相配,宜采取第一种学说。

The theory of five dements has different versions in different generations, esp, the correspondence of earth and late summer. Generally speaking, there are six versions： ①One year is divided into five sea,sons, which eorrespond to five elements. Each season has 72 days and one year has 360 days. ②The last 18 days of each season is termed as later summer. ③The last month of summer is later summer, that is, the six month of lunar calendar. ④Later summer does not exit. ⑤One year is divided into five seasons on the average, each ,season has 73 days and approximate 5 quarters （one day has 100 quarters）. ⑥One year has 12 months which is divided into 4 seasons and 24 solar terms. One year has 365 days. The author thinks that the first version is acceptable in terms of correspondence of five elements and four seasons.