我国南北朝及以前的建筑石作工艺探析

Study on the Stone-working Skills of Traditional Chinese Architecture During and Before the Northern and Southern Dynasties

在中国新石器时代,采石就已采用“火烧法”。奴隶社会早期,出现了专业石工。然而直至西汉中期,建筑石作的加工还处于初始阶段,石材料在建筑工程实践中的应用尚不普遍。西汉中期以后,由于工具的进步,石作加工技术快速发展,从采石、石料的分割乃至石料的平整,逐渐形成了一套比较完整的工序,并走向成熟。到南北朝后期,石作技术与工艺大体上已与近世相近。

Thjs paper probes into the development of stone-working skills of China＇s traditional architecture before the Northern and Southern Dynasties. In the Neolithic Age, the Chinese already knew how to use fire to quarry stone, and there were specialized people for stone- working in the early stage of the Slave Society. But the stone-working of traditional Chinese architecture was still in its initial stage before the middle of Han Dynasty, and stone was not used widely in practice. After the middle of Han Dynasty, stone-working skills gradually came into maturity, witnessed rapid development, and formed a set of working procedures. Up to the later period of the Northern and Southern Dynasty, stone-working skills were almost the same as what they are in modem times.