“接着讲”与理学的“被讲”——冯友兰、张岱年先生的宋明理学三系说研究

Narrative after Neo-Confucianism and Neo-Confucianism Itself——On Feng Youlan's and Zhang Dainian's Studies of Three Schools of Neo-Confucianism in Song and Ming Dynasties

作为传统哲学“造极”标志的宋明理学,在内地学者中一般被分为道学(程朱理学)、气学和心学三系。这一分系说最突出的特点,就是在历史传承而来的程朱、陆王两系的基础上拆分出张王(张载、王廷相、王夫之)气学一系,从而由两系变革为三系。在这之中,涉及了重新认识理学的产生及其历史发展、气学一系的独立价值、二程哲学的异同等问题。当然,笔者对三系说的研究是为自身提出的(理、气、性、心)四系说作铺垫的。

Being a perfection of traditional philosophy, neo-Confucianism is generally divided in-to three schools ——＂ li＂ （ heavenly principle）, ＂qi＂ （ material force） and ＂xin＂ （mind）. Among them the most creative achievement is the establishment of the school of material force, turning the original two schools into three. Such changes involve reconsidering the emergence and development ofneo-Confucianism, the oarticular value of the school of material force and the similarities and differ-ences between the theories of Cheng brothers’. The present writer makes an effort to analyze these with the intention of putting forth his own theory of four schools of neo-Confucianism li, qi, xing （ nature） , xin.