世界油页岩资源利用和发展趋势

World Oil Shale Utilization and Its Future

世界油页岩资源丰富,其探明储量换算成页岩油,远大于世界原油的探明储量。美国油页岩储量居世界首位,其次则为俄罗斯、扎伊尔、巴西、加拿大、约旦、澳大利亚和中国。油页岩干馏制取页岩油始于19世纪上半叶的法国、英国、德国、西班牙等西欧国家。而后页岩油生产由于廉价原油的开采而衰落,又由于世界石油危机而兴起;100多年来、油页岩工业几经波折;如今中国、爱沙尼亚和巴西拥有页岩油的工业生产。此外、爱沙尼亚、德国、中国和以色列则拥有油页岩燃烧产蒸汽发电的工业装置。当前、由于世界原油价格上涨,页岩油的生产在不少国家已有利可图,中国、爱沙尼亚等国家正扩建、新建页岩油工厂;蒙古、约旦等国正考虑筹建页岩油厂,美国也计划对其丰富的油页岩资源进行加工利用。

Oil shale resources are abundant in the world. The in-place shale oil resources, accounted from the world proven oil shale reserves, are much larger than the world crude oil proven reserves. US has the most abundant oil shale reserves in the world, the followings are： Russia, Zaire, Brazil, Canada, Jordan, Australia and China. The oil shale retorting for producing shale oil started since the first half of the nineteenth century in Western European countries. First retorting built in France, then England, Germany, Spain, etc. Hereafter, due to the development of cheaper crude oil, the shale oil production decreased. However, shale oil industry became active again due to the world oil crisis. During the history of more than one hundred years, oil shale industry waved several times. Today, China, ＇Estonia and Brazil have their shale oil commercial production. Estonia, Germany, China and Israel have the oil shale combustion enterprises for producing steam and power. Since the recent higher world crude oil price, the shale oil production in many countries becomes profitable. China, Estonia and some other countries are planning to enlarge the shale oil production; Mongolia, Jordan, etc. , are considering to build up shale oil plant; US intended to utilize his plentiful oil shale resources.