我国1991-2005年流行性乙型脑炎发病与死亡分析

Analysis of incidence and mortality of Japanese B encephalitis in China from 1991 to 2005.

目的了解近3个“五年计划”期间中国31个省市自治区的流行性乙型脑炎流行强度和病死情况及其趋势。方法利用国家疾病预防控制中心的每年疫情年报数据进行常规的对比分析。结果中国31省市区15年合计年均发病率为1.02/10万,病死率3.85%。每5年年均发病率、病死率均有逐步下降趋势。环基比发病率降幅分别为47.20%和33.62%,病死率降幅为10.04%、9.08%。定基比分别下降64.95%和18.21%。结论中国31个省市区中30个有病例报告。报告发病率前5位为贵州、重庆、陕西、四川和河南。疫苗的合理应用是乙脑发病率下降的重要原因;病死率下降则是由于医疗质量和水平的提高。

Objective To understand the epidemic intensity and death situation of Japanese B eneephalitis（JBE） during the last 15 years among 31 provinces（municipalities and autonomous region） in China and analyze its tendency in order to provide reference for managerial medical workers to make effective contr＇ol measures, Methods The annual reported infections of Japanese B encephalitis from China Center for Disease Control and Prevention were comparatively analyzed. Results The average incidence rate of JBE in the past 15 years in 31 provinces （municipalities and autonomous regions） was 1.02/100000, the fatality rate was 3.85 %. The average incidence and fatality rate were reduced for every five years. The unfixed base ratios of incidence dropped by 47.20% （the 1996 - 2000＇ to the 1991 - 1995＇ ） and 33.62% （the 2001 - 2005＇ to the 1996 - 2000＇ ） and the drop of fatality rate were by 10.04% and 9.08% .To compare with the 2000 - 2005＇ incidence and fatality rate, the fixed base incidence and fatality rate in 1991 and 1995 dropped by 64.95% and 18.21 %. Conclusion JBE cases were reported in 30 of the 31 provinces （Municipalities and autonomous regions）. The incidence rates in the provinces of Guizhou, Chongqing, Shanxi, Sichuan and Henan were the highest. The main reason for the reduction of incidence is the use of JBE vaccine and the drop of fatality rate is due to the improvement of the medical service quality and technique.