梅县1996～2005年麻疹流行病学分析

Epidemiological analysis of measles in Meixian County from 1996 to 2005.

目的了解梅县麻疹的流行特点，为制订预防控制麻疹的对策提供科学依据。方法对1996-2005年梅县麻疹发病情况进行描述性流行病学分析。结果1996-2005年麻疹病例69例，其中本地病例23例，外来儿童46例；年发病率为1．28／10万；1999年、2000年无麻疹病例发生，1997年、2003年、2005年分别在石扇、西阳、南口镇各一间小学出现麻疹的局部爆发，其余各年度麻疹发病呈散发；发病呈眷夏季高峰；男性发病高于女性（1.38：1）；发病以散居儿童及小学生为主，〈14岁56例，占81．16％；在全部病例中，无免疫史26例、占37．68％，免疫史不详32例、占46．38％。结论外来流动人员预防接种意识淡薄，造成外来儿童麻疹免疫率低下，甚至出现免疫空白，这是引起麻疹局部爆发流行的主要原因。今后要认真做好外来流动人口儿童、托动机构儿童及学校学生的麻疹查漏补种工作。

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of measles in Meixian and provide scientific data for making control strategies. Methods The incidence of measles from 1996 to 2005 was epidemiologically analyzed. Results 69 measles cases （23 local cases,46 children moved in from outside） were reported from 1996 to 2005 .The annual incidence was 1.28/ 100000. No measles case was reported in 1999 and 2000. Measles outbreak took place in three primary schools in the townships of Shishan,Xiyang and Nankou in 1997,2003 and 2005. Measles was sporadically occurred in other year. The high peak was in spring and summer. The infection in males was higher than that of the females （1.38：1）. Most of the cases were children separately inhabited primary students,56 cases were younger than 14 years old （81.16%）. 26 cases had no measles immune history （ 37.68% ）. The immune history of 32 cases was unknown （ 46,38% ）. Conclusion Lack of immune consciousness,low immunization rate in the mobile population were the main causes of outbreak of measles. Thus effective measures be taken to control the outbreak of measles .