论明清青花瓷业海洋性的成长——以“漳州窑”的兴起为例

The Developing of Maritime Culture of Blue and White Ceramics During the Ming and Qing Dynasties:On the Rising of Zhangzhou Kilns

明清青花瓷业发展、变化的一个主要特点是海洋性的成长,漳州窑的兴起是其中的典范。漳州窑的兴起是景德镇窑青花瓷业向闽粤沿海空间转移的一个直接成果,其青花瓷业的形成是模仿明代中后期以来景德镇青花瓷业技术的产物。漳州窑的兴起根植于以东南沿海为中心的环中国海海洋社会经济文化体系,以月港为中心的闽粤沿海海洋社会经济的繁盛和葡、西、荷等西方洋船的东渐,是漳州窑兴起的外在拉力。

With the development of blue and white ceramics during the Ming and Qing Dynasties maritime ceramic culture grew rapidly. And the rising of Zhangzhou kilns was the typical example of this development. The rise of Zhangzhou kilns was the result of the moving of manufacturing of blue and white ceramics from inland Jingdezhen to the coastal areas of Fujian and Guangdong. The simihrities of blue and white ceramic techniques between Zhangzhou and Jingdezhen were the evidence of the industrial shifting. The rise of Zhangzhou kilns was based on the maritime cultural and economic system of southeastem coast of China. The prosperity of the maritime social economy in Fujian and Guangdong with Yuegang as the centre and the gradual coming of Portuguese, Spanish and Dutch mewhant ships were the extrinsic reasons of the rise.