采珠后三角帆蚌肉和外套膜的营养成分分析

Analysis of nutritional components of Hyriopsis cumingii meat and mantle after the pearl was harvested

三角帆蚌为一种中国特有的河蚌资源,常用于珍珠的人工培育。经它育成的珍珠产量高、质量好,但珍珠采收后,其壳、肉和外套膜均被视作废弃物而丢弃。为了有效利用三角帆蚌采珠后的废弃物,本论文对三角帆蚌肉和外套膜的营养成分进行了分析。结果表明,三角帆蚌肉和外套膜中含有丰富的蛋白质(蚌肉：54．07％；外套膜：45．74％)、糖类(蚌肉：35．85％；外套膜：45．56％)以及矿物质元素,特别是钙(蚌肉：168．60mg/100g；外套膜：406．59mg/100g)。在三角帆蚌肉和外套膜的含氮成分中,97％以上为蛋白氮,其中大部分为水溶性和碱溶性蛋白,蚌肉中二者的总和占全氯量的90．59％。外套膜达65．23％。就氨基酸组成而言,三角帆蚌肉的营养价值高于大豆蛋白,而外套膜因含有大量的胶原蛋白(40．07％),其营养价值低于大豆蛋白。除此之外,三角帆蚌肉和外套膜的脂肪中还含有较高比例的不饱和脂肪酸(蚌肉：72．71％；外套膜：77．73％),比一般淡水鱼的62．23％高10％以上。可见,三角帆蚌肉和外套膜均具有一定的开发利用价值。

Hyriopsis cumingii is a kind of freshwater clams and widely cultured in China to produce pearls, However, after the pearls are harvested, the clam is discarded. Nutritional components of Hyriopsis cumingii meat and mantle were studied in this paper. Results show that the mantle and meat of Hyriopsis cumingii were rich in crude protein （meat： 54.07%; mantle： 45.74%）, carbohydrate （meat： 35.85%; mantle： 45,56%）, and minerals especially Ca （meat： 168.60 mg/100g; mantle： 406.59 mg/100g）. Among the nitrogen components of meat and mantle from Hyriopsis cumingii protein nitrogen reached over 97%. The majority of protein is water- and alkaline-soluble protein and accounted for 65.23% in the mantle and 90.59% in the meat, respectively. Comparing with pattern of human essential amino acids （FAOANHO, 1973）, the nutritional value of Hyriopsis cumingii meat was higher than soybeanprotein, while that of HyrJopsis cumingJi mantle was lower than soybean protein due to its high content of collagen （40.07%）. In addition, unsaturated fatty acids were rich in the lipids from Hyriopsis cumingii meat and mantle and reached 72.71% and 77.73%, respectively. Therefore, Hyriopsis cumingii meat and mantle possess potential of utilization,