氮素对大蒜生长及养分吸收的影响

Effect of Nitrogen Fertilization on Accumulation of Dry Matter and Nutrient Uptake of Garlic

以地方品种金乡白皮蒜为试材,研究不同氮肥处理对大蒜蒜薹和鳞茎产量的影响,以及在适宜施氮量的条件下,大蒜干物质积累及养分吸收的情况。结果表明:每生产1000kg大蒜需从土壤中吸收氮8.5kg、磷1.4kg、钾5.2kg。从播种到鳞芽花芽分化期(180d),大蒜干物质日均积累量相对较低,对氮、磷、钾的吸收量分别占整个生育期的30.7%、36.8%和46.1%;从鳞芽花芽分化期到收获(52d),蒜薹伸长、鳞茎膨大,大蒜干物质日均积累量迅速增加,对氮、磷、钾的吸收分别占整个生育期的69.3%、63.2%和53.9%,到收获前期干物质积累和养分吸收达到高峰。本试验条件下适宜氮素用量为240kg·hm-2,大蒜对氮、磷、钾的吸收分别为0.710、0.114和0.434g·株-1,吸收比例为1∶0.16∶0.61。

The experiment was conducted with local variety Jinxiangbaipisuan for studying accumulation of dry matter and nutrient uptake of garlic with six treatments of N fertilization. The result showed that garlic uptook N 8.5 kg,P 1.4 kg and K 5.2 kg from soil when the yield was 1 000 kg. it took 180 days from planting to bulbil differentiation,in which stage the accumulation of dry matter and uptake of N, P and K everyday were less. It took 52 days from bulbil differentiation to harvest, in which stage scape growed and bulb extended, the accumulation of dry matter and uptake of N, P and K everyday increased rapidly. The treatment with nitrogen 240 kg ·hm^-2 was the optimum rate in the experiment;the uptake of N, P and K every plant was 0.710,0.114,0. 434 g, respectively ;the ratio was 1 ： 0.16 ： 0.61.