高黎贡山北段羚牛生境DTM数据分析与评价应用

Application of Digital Terrain Model to Takin Habitat Analysis and Assessment in the North Gaoligong Mountain

为分析高黎贡山羚牛生境质量状况,探讨其生境保护策略。本文建立高黎贡山自然保护区北段范围的数字地形模型,并将其应用在濒危珍稀动物——羚牛的生境评价研究中。通过羚牛活动区的海拔高度、坡度及植被类型等数据的叠置分析,获得了羚牛的潜在生境区,同时再综合考虑人类活动对其影响,便得到羚牛的实际生境。结合羚牛的生态习性与实地调查资料,选择海拔高度、坡度、植被因子、人类活动影响因子四个指标对其生境的适宜性进行了划分和评价。结果表明:(1)无人类活动影响下,羚牛可在研究区内大部分地区生存。从1974、1989、1999、2004年几个时相的图像分析,适宜羚牛生存的生境面积逐年减少,而不适宜的面积逐年增加。(2)人类活动影响下,适宜羚牛生存的生境大面积消失,生境丧失比例逐年增加。

In order to identify the quality of takin habitat in Gaoligong Mountain and to discuss the strategy of habitat protection, digital elevation model （DEM） was built and used in habitats research of takin （B.taxicolor.taxcicolor）, a kind of endangered and rare animal species distributed mainly in Gaoligong Mountain area. DEM, slope model, vegetation distribution model and the model of disturbance from human activities were overlapped to produce digital terrain model （DTM）, potential and practical habitat. DTM was applied very well in the research of takin habitat in the north Gaoligong Mountain. Comparing with the ecological behavior of takin and field work, the potential and practical habitat areas of takin had been identified based on indicators （elevation, slope, vegetation area and human activity）. Elevation, slope and vegetation were used to assess and to classify takin potential habitat, and human activity in combination with potential habitat were used to assess practical habitat. The result shows that （1） most part of the region is suitable for takin living in the study area without human disturbance and it is possible for distribution of takin in this region long time ago. The habitat＇s area suitable for takin reduced and the area unsuitable for takin habitat increased year after year during the four periods of time from 1974 to 1989, 1999, and 2004. （2） Under the influence of human disturbance, the area most suitable for takin habitat disappeared largely, and the proportion of disappeared habitat area increased year after year.