波普尔科学客观性理论的“社会学转向”

On the Sociological Turn in Popper's Theory about Objectivity in Science

波普尔在科学客观性问题上,颠覆了科学哲学的传统理念,开启了从“心理学方法”向“社会学方法”的转向。这一转向的最大特点,就是对客观性的追求不是奠基在科学家个体在研究过程中自我心理控制活动的基础上,建立在价值中立的、排除个人主观偏见的研究态度上,而是奠基在科学家群体乃至整个社会开放式的“批评性讨论”的基础上,奠基在这种批评性讨论社会机制的建立和完善的基础上。

By turning from a psychological method to a new sociological method in the research of the objectivity in science, Popper overturns the traditional idea in the former scientific philosophy. The typical character of this turn is to seek for the objectivity in science based on a scientist＇s neither psychological selfcontrol nor his value-free attitude in the scientific process, but on open critical discussions among the scientists or among the whole society, as well as setting up a social system of critical discussion and making it better.