生态政策学及其评价方法

Ecological policy and its evaluation methods

生态政策学是研究国家机关、政党及其他政治团体在特定时期为实现或服务于一定社会政治、经济、文化、环境目标所采取的生态行为或规定的行为准则,是政策学与生态学交叉学科。生态政策是服务于生态建设与管理的一系列谋略、法令、措施、办法、方法和条例的总称,主要通过生态项目建设的形式来实施。生态政策可持续性评价不仅包括现状评价,更要研究政策变化的最佳动态效果,判断政策调整的最佳时间与调整内容。及时科学的调整是政策执行效果可持续性的保证前提。生态政策组合主要体现3个基本思想:利用政府的行政管理能力、利用市场机制和利用经济增长机遇造福环境。不管全球生态政策如何演变,其不懈努力的宗旨非常明确,理性利用资源,降低生态环境治理费用,加快生态环境达标速度。生态政策评价的主要方法包括生态健康评价、生态系统服务与评价、生态项目的经济分析(市场价值法、影子价格法、机会成本法和替代效益分析法等)、人文社会评价(项目对周围群众生计的影响、执行与受益群体对项目的判断等)等方法。

Ecological policy is a subject of researching the guidelines of ecological actions performed in a definite period by the government, party, or other political organizations to serve the society, economy, culture, and environment. It is a branch of crossing with two branches of science, policy and ecology, and includes a series of strategies, laws, approaches, methods, and regulations performed with ecological conservation as the main project. The evaluation of ecological policy is the product of crossing with the two branches of science, with the contents of actuality evaluation, and the estimation of the effects of policy changing and adjusting, Regardless how the global ecological policy changed, the purpose of environment conservation should be the scientific utilization of resources, decrease of environment conservation cost, and increase of environment improvement speed. The key methods of ecological policy evaluation should include ecological health evaluation, ecological ecosystem services evaluation, economic analysis of ecological programs, and humanities and sociological evaluation.