整治“三滥”是从源头遏制生态脆弱地区土地荒漠化的必由之路——以科尔沁沙地为例

Deterring "three excesses"(over-cultivation,overgrazing and deforestation) is the only way from the source to control the desertification in ecologically frangible regions in China: taking Keerqin sandy land as an example

针对中国土地荒漠化的现状和关键问题,以科尔沁沙地为例,阐述了荒漠化的发展历程、主要动因与未来趋势。科尔沁沙地正处在现代土地荒漠化过程之中,导致快速发展的荒漠化动因主要是源于人们不合理的土地利用方式,即滥垦、滥牧和滥伐(简称“三滥”);而在各种利农政策下,滥垦可能会重新滋生和蔓延,是非常值得借鉴的历史教训。本文应用复合生态系统的观点剖析了“三滥”与荒漠化的关系,并据此提出从源头减轻土地压力的6项对策。

In allusion to the current situation and major problems of desertification in China, this paper expounded the history, main causes, and future trend of desertification, taking Keerqin sandy land as an example. This sandy land has been undergoing modern desertifieation, and the major causes resulting in the fast spread of desertifieation originated from the human abuses of the land, i.e., the ＂three excesses＂ （over-cultivation, overgrazing, and deforestation）, among which, over-cultivation was the first cause. Under agriculture-benetidal policies, over-cultivation could be re grown and overspread, and thus, should be alerted, From the viewpoint of complex ecosystem, the relationships between the ＂three excesses＂ and desertifieation were discussed, and six countermeasures to thoroughly alleviate the pressure of the land were put forward.