三种运动方式对武术散手运动员生理生化指标的影响

Influences of three different exercise manners on physiological and biochemical indexes in Wushu free-sparrers athletes

目的:观察3种不同运动方式对武术散手运动员生理生化指标的影响。方法:观察于进入冬训期的第一阶段(约2004-11/12)完成,选择18名广西师范大学体育学院的男性武术散手运动员作为观察对象,实验前均征得运动员同意。采用计算机的数理统计程序将18名受试者随机分组,按3种不同运动方式分为功率自行车组、上坡跑台组和下坡跑台组,每组6名。①功率自行车(向心和离心运动交替):从30W负荷开始,每3min增加1次30W的负荷,控制蹬圈速度60r/min,直到力竭为止。②上坡跑台组(向心运动):使用活动跑台,斜度为0%,开始速度为4km/h,每2min增加1km/h,当速度达到9km/h时,维持一定速度,直到力竭为止。③下坡跑台组(离心运动):使用活动跑台,开始斜度为4%、速度为4km/h,每2min增加斜度1%、速度1km/h,当速度达到9km/h时,每2min增加1%的斜度直到运动力竭。于运动后即刻采集血样,测定以下指标:①血清激素:血睾酮和皮质醇(放射免疫分析法)。②血清肌酸激酶、乳酸脱氢酶及血尿素氮(南京建成生物工程研究所的试剂盒测定)。③全血乳酸、血清丙二醛及超氧化物歧化酶(南京建成生物工程研究所的试剂盒测定)。结果:18名男性武术散手运动员全部进入结果分析,无脱落。①各组运动员的血清酶活性比较:下坡跑台组运动员的血清肌酸激酶及乳酸脱氢酶活性均显著高于功率自行车组和上坡跑台组[5.79±0.81,4.09±0.64,3.61±0.68)μkat/L(P<0.01);(3.23±0.78,2.42±0.58,2.61±0.71)μkat/L(P<0.05)]。②各组运动员的血清超氧化物歧化酶活性及丙二醛浓度比较:上坡跑台组显著高于功率自行车组和下坡跑台组[(9.50±0.57,8.08±0.51,8.87±0.49)mkat/L(P<0.01);(2.57±0.78,1.89±0.61,2.01±0.59)μmol/L(P<0.01)]。结论:以离心收缩为主的运动状态下运动员的血清肌酸激酶活性变化较为明显,而以向心收缩为主的运动状态下运动员机体的抗氧化能力较强。

AIM： To observe the effects of three different exercise manners on physiological and biochemical index of Wushu free-sparrers athletes. METHODS： The observation was performed in the first stage of entering winter training （about from November to December 2004）. Totally 18 male Wushu free-sparrers athletes were enrolled from College of Physical Education, Guangxi Normal University and the athletes all agreed to take part in the trial. With computer mathematical statistics program, they were randomly divided into cycle ergometer group, up slope treadmill group and down slop treadmill group with 6 persons in each group according to three different exercise manners. ①cycle ergometer （alternation of concentric exercise and eccentric exercise）： From 30 W loading, increased once every 3 minutes, with the speed of treading of 60 r/min, till exhausted. ②up slope treadmill group （concentric exercise）： Appling motive treadmill, with the gradient of 0% and beginning speed of 4 kin/h, increased by 1 km/h every 2 minutes, when at 9 km/h maintaining a certain speed, till exhausted. ③down slope treadmill group （eccentric exercise）： using motive treadmill, with the beginning gradient of 4% and speed of 4 km/h, increased by 1% and 1 km/h every 2 minutes, when reached 9 km/h, increased by 1% every 2 minutes until exhausted. Blood samples were collected immediately at exercise, and the following indexes were measured： ① serum hormone： blood testosterone and cortisol （radio immunoassay）, ②serum creatine kinase, lactic dehydrogenase and blood urea nitrogen （examined by test kit from Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute）, ③whole blood lactic acid, serum malondialdehyde （MDA） and superoxide sidmutase （SOD） （examined by test kit from Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute）. RESULTS： Totally 18 male Wushu free-sparrers athletes were involved in the result analysis, no drop-out. ①comparison of serum enzyme activity in each group： The activities of serum creatine kinase and lactic dehydrogenase were significantly higher in the down slop treadmill group than in the cycle ergometer group and up slope treadmill group [ （5.79±0.81,4.09±0.64,3.61±0.68） μkat/L（P 〈 0.01 ） ; （3.23±0.78,2.42±0.58, 2.61±0.71）μkat/L（P 〈 0.05）].②comparison of SOD activity and MAD concentration in serum in each group： It was significantly higher in the up slope treadmill group than in the cycle ergometer group and down slop treadmill group [（9.50 ±0.57,8.08±0.51,8.87±0.49 ） mkat/L （ P 〈 0.01 ） ; （2.57±0.78,1.89±0.61,2.01±0.59）μmol/L（P 〈 0.01 ）]. CONCLUSION： The activity of serum creatine kinase in the exercise focused on eccentric contraction is more obvious, whereas the antioxidant ability in the exercise focused on concentric contraction has a higher intensity.