颈动脉体瘤的诊治及人造血管在血管重建中的作用

Diagnosis and surgical management of carotid body tumor as well as blood vessel prosthesis′role

目的探讨颈动脉体瘤（carotid body tumor，CBT）的诊断、外科治疗及人造血管在颈动脉重建中的作用。方法分析山东大学齐鲁医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科2003年10月-2006年3月收治的7例颈动脉体瘤患者的临床资料。全部病例均行颈动脉造影证实。其中6例表现为无症状性颈部包块，1例还合并有声嘶、饮水呛咳。其中4例行颈动脉体瘤切除术，2例行颈动脉体瘤切除并行动脉分流人造血管颈动脉血管重建术，1例行单纯放射治疗。结果6例术后病理证实均为颈动脉体瘤，且无恶变。术后无死亡和偏瘫发生。1例ShamblinⅢ型患者术后出现短暂的伸舌偏斜，对侧上肢肌力下降为四级，该例病变范围广，术中对肿瘤周围神经剥离、牵拉明显，随访1年后上肢肌力恢复正常；其余5例术后均无明显神经损伤。全部手术病例颈部创口一期愈合，术后随访2个月～2年未见复发。1例单纯放疗后随访半年肿瘤未见进一步生长，目前仍在随访中。结论颈部无创检查和颈动脉造影术是颈动脉体瘤早期诊断最有效的手段。外科手术是颈动脉体瘤的首选和有效的治疗方法，手术方式的选择应该根据肿瘤与动脉的密切关系来决定，颈动脉切除后根据术中情况可利用人造血管进行血管重建。

Objective To analyse the diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of carotid body tumor （CBT）. Methods Seven patients with CBT had been hospitalized between 2003 and 2006. The clinical data was analyzed retrospectively. The preoperative evaluation included angiography in 7 patients. Most of them had an asymptomatic cervical lateral mass. Only one patient had the hoarseness and bucking and was given radiation therapy alone. Six of seven patients with carotid body tumour underwent surgery. Simple tumor excision was accomplished in 4. Carotid artery resection with the tumor was required in 2 patients and in the both, interposition of a 7 mm polytetrafluoroethylene graft was performed . During the resection, temporary carotid shunt was required in the two patients. Results All tumors by surgery were identified as carotid paragangliomas without evidence of malignancy. There was no mortality and no hemiplegia. After surgery,temporary cranial nerve dysfunction was noted in one case. In the follow-up period of 2 months to 2 years, no recurrent disease occurred. The patient＇s tumor who accepted radiotherapy was in the stable stage under the half year follow up, and the follow up would be further continued. Conclusions With noninvasive investigation and arteriography it was possible to obtain an early and precise diagnosis. The surgical management was the major treatment of these tumors. The pattern of operation should be chosen according to the relation of tumor and carotid. The decision to perform simple tumor excision or additional arterial resection was based on diagnostic preoperative and after the arterial resection the polytetrafluoroethylene graft would be used for carotid reconstruction.