基于BSA分析法的分子标记基因定位技术在农作物中的应用

The Application of the Molecular Gene Localization Technique Based on BSA in Crop

进行基因的标记定位有利于推动分子标记辅助育种在生产上的应用,同时它也可以为基因的图位克隆奠定基础。BSA(集团分离分析法,bulkedsegregation analysis)分析法是对基因进行标记定位的非常实用的方法,它首先利用从一对具有表型差异的亲本所产生的任何一种分离群体构建具有目标性状差异的近等基因池,选择合适的分子标记对两基因池进行分子标记的筛选,筛选出的分子标记再经多个单株鉴定,从而找到与目标基因连锁的分子标记。可与BSA相结合用于基因定位的分子标记有多种,常用的分子标记有RFLP(限制性片段长度多态性,RestrictionFragm entLength Polym orphism),RAPD(随机扩增多态性DNA,Random Am plified Polym orphism DNA),AFLP(扩增片段长度多态性,Am plified Fragm entLength Polym orphism),SSR(简单重复序列,Sim pleSe-quenceRepeats)等,本文根据所用的分子标记种类对基于BSA分析法的基因定位技术进行了概述。

Identification of molecular markers linked with gene can promote the development of MAS（moleeular assistant selection）, and it is also the basic of map - based cloning. BSA（Bulked Segregation Analysis） is a useful method for rapidly identifying markers linked to any specifie gene or genomic region. At first, the samples with obviously difference in the target phenotypic character are selected and then crossed. Two bulks are constituted with chosen segregation progenies individuals that are identical for a particular trait or genomie region but arbitrary at all unlinked regions. The two pools or bulks are screened for differences using proper molecular marker, then we can find some special molecular markers showing the difference between the two gene pool. The special markers must be the closely linked markers with the target gene. Many molecular markers can be used in BSA, such as RFLP（Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism）, RAPD（Random Amplified Polymorphism DNA）, AFLP（Amplified Fragment length polymorphism） and SSR（Simple Sequence Repeat）.