菜籽油酯交换制备生物柴油的工艺研究

Technology for production of biodiesel through the transesterification reaction of rapeseed oil

为提高生物柴油的转化率和纯度，以菜籽油为原料，研究在KOH催化剂作用下与甲醇进行酯交换反应制备生物柴油的工艺，考察了甲醇用量、催化剂用量、反应温度和反应时间等操作条件对酯交换反应的影响。结果表明，该反应最适宜的工艺条件为：甲醇用量为菜籽油质量的20％，催化剂用量为菜籽油质量的1．2％，反应温度为65℃，反应时间为90～120min；菜籽油制备的生物柴油品质达到美国ASTM和德国DINE生物柴油标准，其生物柴油的转化率为94．89％。若充分开发中国南方可利用的冬闲田和边际土地约1000万hm^2种植油菜，按照此工艺条件加工菜籽油，则每年可加工生产生物柴油740万t，具有广阔的发展前景。

In order to raise the conversion rate and purity of biodiesel, the technology for production of biodiesel by using rapeseed oil was studied through the transesterification reaction of fatty acid and methanol with catalyst of KOH. The technological parameters including the amount of methanol, the amount of catalyst, temperature and reaction time were investigated. The experimental results show that the optimum conditions for the transesterification reaction are 20% methanol and 1.2 % catalyst（KOH） of rapeseed oil material, 90～120 min of reaction time and 65℃ of temperature. The quality criteria of the biodiesel produced from rapeseed oil meet the same standards to ASTM of US and DINE of Germany, and the conversion rate of rapeseed oil to biodiesel reaches 94.89%. If about 10 million hectares of wasteland and marginal land in South China in winter are exploited to plant rape, and the rapeseed oil is processed according the above-mentioned optimum conditions for producing biodiesel, the yield of biodiesel is going to be 7.4 million tons with a broad development prospect.