基于模型的温室加温控制目标优化系统研究

Model-based decision support system for greenhouse heating temperature set point optimization

温室加温控制目标的设定合理与否，直接影响温室作物生长及温室环境调控的能耗。本研究以温室作物生长模拟模型和温室加温能耗预测模型为基础，建立了基于模型的温室加温控制目标计算机优化系统。系统包括一个数据库（温室、作物以及气象资料）和三个模型（作物生长模拟模型、温室加温能耗预测模型以及加温控制目标优化模型）。系统的输入主要为温室类型、温室结构、覆盖材料、作物信息以及室外气象资料，系统输出主要为作物干物质生产量、温室加温能耗量以及干物质生产能耗量利用效率最高和生物量最高的温室白天和夜间的加温控制目标（温度设置点）。以2003年1月20日～2月20日上海孙桥现代农业开发区Venlo型自控玻璃温室水果型黄瓜生产为实例进行分析，结果表明，在上海地区冬季进行温室水果型黄瓜生产时，在开花至果实采收初期将白天和夜间加温控制目标分别设为23℃和17℃时可以获得最高的干物质生产量；将白天和夜间的温室加温的温度分别设为20℃和15℃能够使黄瓜干物质生产的能耗量利用效率达最大，并能够使黄瓜干物质产量也处于较高的水平。本研究建立的基于模型的温室加温控制目标优化系统为中国温室气候控制中温度的优化调控提供了理论依据和决策支持。

Temperature set points for greenhouse heating affect not only greenhouse crop growth development, but also energy consumption for greenhouse climate control. A greenhouse crop growth model and an energy consumption estimation model for greenhouse heating, both were validated under subtropical climate conditions, were integrated to develop a model-based decision support system for temperature set point optimization for greenhouse heating. The system consists of a database（including information about greenhouse, crop and climate data） and three models （a crop growth simulation model, an energy consumption estimation model and a set points optimization model）. The input of the system includes greenhouse information, crop information, and outside climate data. The output of the system includes biomass production and energy consumption for heating at different temperature set points for greenhouse heating. The temperature set points for greenhouse heating can then be optimized according to the highest ratio of biomass production to energy Consumed or highest biomass production. The scenario study results show that, in the greenhouse cucumber production from the flowering to early harvesting stage in Shanghai, the highest biomass production can be achieved when daytime and nighttime temperatures for greenhouse heating are set at 23℃ and 17℃, respectively; while the highest biomass production ELIE for cucumber production can be achieved when the two set points are set at 20℃ and 15℃, respectively. From a practical point of view this system developed in this study may permit improvement in greenhouse climate control in subtropical climate conditions.