鲁迅与张承志

LuXun and Zhang Chengzhi

张承志是当代明确对鲁迅表示过尊崇的一位,鲁迅的思想和精神深深地影响着他的文学创作。无论是从张承志的小说创作还是散文随笔中都能感受到鲁迅的气息。张承志和鲁迅小说文本中的精神联结首先体现为“母亲情结”,但张承志对母爱的情感意识不但满足了他个人生命的需求,而且寄托着作家的个人理想;而鲁迅对母亲的主体意识更趋向一种爱与孝,认同与批判的双重精神世界。张承志由母亲而生发的“人民情愫”,体现了人道主义和民族主义精神,但他远不如鲁迅的“立人”思想体系完整和深刻。张承志在精神层面上延续着鲁迅的决绝姿态,他“以笔为旗”,而鲁迅是“以笔为枪”。张承志是用笔来寻找文学的存在意义,鲁迅则是托命这支笔来开拓存在意义的人生。

Zhang Chengzhi was one of those who deafly showed mespect for Lu Xun. Lu Xun＇ s thought and spirit exerted deep influence on his literary creation. A trace of this influence can be felt in Zhang ＇s fictional writings and essays. This paper tries to explore the spiritual connection and literary relation between the two great writers through a comparative study of their writings by focusing on the subject consciousness of literary creation and ideological perspectives.