世界加速林木育种轮回研究的现状

Research Status of Accelerated Tree Breeding of the World

林木育种事业向多世代发展，通过缩短每一育种轮长度追求单位时间平均最大育种效益并降低育种作业成本，已成为林木育种先进国家广为探讨的一个研究领域。决定缩短育种轮回的因素是如何克服林木始花龄晚和能否有效进行早期测验和选择。近２０多年来欧洲和北美等国学者在上述两方面的研究中均取得了突破性进展，使松科一些树种的育种轮比常规方法缩短１／２的时间。我国针叶树育种事业虽有近４０年历史，但这一领域的研究却几近空白，与国际先进水平存在着质和量双重性差距，严重限制着多世代育种的进展。本文在概述国外在这一领域的技术成就的基础上。

Abstract There is a trend in tree breeding in the world that it is aimed at maximum effects of breeding with less cost of breeding operation for each breeding cycle. Shortening breeding cycle depends on how to overcome the long time span before first flowering and on early selection and test. In the last decades tree breeders of Europe and North America have made great progress in this research area, the breeding cycle of pines has been shortened half as needed for classical breeding. This paper discusses necessity and importance of early testing and selecting and accelerating trees to flower earlier in order to shorten breeding cycle. Little research has been carried out in the theory and method of shortening breeding cycle even though it has been more than 40 years for breeding coniferous in China, therefore, the authour also discusses strategy for accelerated breeding.