湖南省化肥施用现状及其前景探讨

Fertilizer Application and Its Applied Prospect in Hunan Province

近10 a来湖南省化肥施用量稳步增长。2003年湖南省化肥投入量188.3万t,折合单位面积施肥量260.0 kg/hm2(扣除复种指数),在全国处于中等施肥量水平,施肥仍有一定的增产、增效空间。但湖南省化肥施用上仍存在县域间不平衡、氮素偏高、钾肥比例偏低和肥料结构不合理等问题。分析湖南省化肥使用的发展趋势,可以得出:钾肥比例、高养分含量肥料和复(混)合肥比例将逐步提高,到2010年湖南省化肥施用量将达到较高水平,继续增加肥料施用量不利于发挥肥料应有的增产效益和生态环境保护。

Fertilizer application increased steadily in recent 10 years in Hunan province. Fertilizer input of Hunan province was 1. 883 million tons in 2003, which equals to 260.0 kg/ha （deducting multiple cropping indexes）, reaching middle fertilizer application level. But there are some problems such as imbalance among counties, higher in N proportion, lower in K proportion and irrational fertilizer structure in fertilizer application of Hunan province. Trend analysis showed that K-fertilizer proportion, high-nutrient and compound （or mixed） fertilizer were increase gradually. The fertilizer application in Hunan province will reach much higher level by the year of 2101 ,which will not beneficial to the release of fertilizer and do harm to environment.