润滑油急性生物毒性评定技术及毒性分级标准

Evaluating Technique of Lubricants' Acute Ecotoxicity and Toxicity Rating Criteria

润滑油的生物毒性对环境的影响日益明显．以发光细菌为受试生物,参照美国ASTM标准的水融合组分(WAF)方法制备润滑油毒性测试样品液,采用半数效应载荷 EL_(50)作为润滑油在水中生物毒性的判定指标,建立了一套检测润滑油和添加剂急性生物毒性妁评定方法．该方法具有快速、简便、灵敏、准确、稳定、经济以及测定只需微量样品等特点,使润滑油等难溶物质的生物毒性判定更加科学．该方法也为油类污染的生物监测和水生生态毒理学研究提供了新的试验生物模型．给出的难溶物质急性毒性分级标准简单易行,可操作性强,为润滑油的毒性评定提供了依据．依据读标准对几种典型润滑油和添加剂进行了评定试验和分级,从而验证了润滑油生物毒性评定技术及毒性分级标准的可行性．

In reference to ASTM standards＇ water accommodated fraction （WAF） to prepare sample solution for toxicity test of lubricants, a set of evaluating approaches is established to inspect acute ecotoxicity of lubricants and additives in application of luminescent bacteria as testing organisms. Median effect load EL50 as determined indexes in aquatic ecotoxicity is introduced as well. It is revealed that the approaches have swift, convenient, accurate, steady and economy features and they also help to make lubricant toxicity＇ s judgment more scientific and accurate. An update experimental model is provided for biological inspection of varied oil pollution and studies on aquatic ecological toxicity. The acute toxicity rating criteria of some insoluble matters presented are simple and easy to carry out and they provide evaluating basis for lubricants＇ toxicity. Some typical lubricants and additives are evaluated and rated by means of the mentioned criteria to further prove the feasibility of the evaluating technique of lubricants＇ acute ecotoxicity and toxicity rating criteria.