土壤污染地球化学标准及等级划分问题讨论

A DISCUSSION ON THE GEOCHEMICAL STANDARD AND GRADE DIVISION OF SOIL POLLUTION

全国多目标区域地球化学调查发现有害元素广泛分布引起极大关注。土壤污染将长期危及生态系统和人类生存安全。制定土壤污染等级标准十分重要。国家土壤环境保护标准体系中,土壤污染等级标准是针对调查发现的污染进行量度划分,土壤环境质量标准是依据污染对环境影响程度确定临界值,土壤污染评价标准是针对存在问题进行科学研究的指标。土壤污染等级采用统一的分级标准,划分为国家级、流域级、省级和地市级。标准制定是一个由局部到全局的认识,又由全局到局部的决策过程。在多目标区域地球化学调查基础上首先制定土壤污染标准及划分污染等级是笔者的主导思想。

The multipurpose regional geochemical investigation in China revealed the extensive distribution of harmful elements, which has aroused attention among experts. Soil pollution will be harmful to ecological system and human health, and hence the formulation of the soil pollution grade standard is very important. In the National Soil Environment Protection Standard System, the soil pollution grade standard is a quantitative division for the pollution discovered in the investigation, the soil environment quality standard decides the critical value based on the affecting degree of pollution on the environment, and the soil pollution evaluation standard serves as the indexes for scientific researches on the existing problems. A unified grade division standard is adopted for the soil pollution, which di- vides the grade into national grade, river valley grade, provincial grade and prefecture or city grade. The formulation of the standard has experienced the from-part-to-overall understanding process and the from-overall-to-part policy-making process. It is the authors＇ leading thought that the soil pollution standard and the division of pollution grade should be first formulated on the basis of multipurpose regional geochemical survey.