职业小剂量照射对医用X射线工作者微核产额影响的研究

STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF LOW-DOSE RADIATION ON MICRONUCLEUS YIELD OF MEDICAL X-RAY WORKERS

目的:探讨医用X射线对工作者做微核产额的影响,为日常的健康监护工作提供参考。方法:取684名医用诊断X射线作业工作者为射线组,120名健康成人为对照组,按微量全血培养法进行培养并按微核的标准阅片,工作者的职业外照射剂量用热释光剂量计测得。结果:684名工作者的微核细胞率及其微核率分别为3.52‰和3.60‰,与对照组的比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);职业外照射年剂量当量越高微核率的均值也越高、年剂量最大组的微核率比最小组高出1倍,并且微核率到达和超过正常参考值上限(6.0‰)所占的频率也越大,微核率与年剂量呈良好的直线相关,直线回归方程为Y=2.61+0.34D,r=0.973(P<0.01);放射专业工龄的增加,微核率均值逐渐升高。结论:职业小剂量照射对医用X射线工作者微核产额的增加有较大的影响。

Objective： To study the effect of low - dose medical X - ray exposure on micronucleus yield in workers, ,and provide valuable information for prevention of occupational diseases. Methods： Full blood samples were cultured and micronueleus were analyzed with standard method. 684 medical X-ray workers as the radiation group and 120 controls were investigated. The occupational radiation doses were detected by TLD dose meter. Results： The rate of micronueleus cells and micronucleus were 3.52‰ and 3.60‰ respectively in the radiation group, which were significantly higher （P〈 0.01） than the control group. The mieronucleus rates appeared to increase with the increase of the annual dose of occupational exposure, The micronucleus rate of the highest annual dose group was one time higher than the lowest dose group, and that has a good linear correlation with the annual dose, their linear regression curve wereY=2.61＋0.34D, r=0.973 （P〈20.01）. Mean value of micronucleus rates were increased with the accumulation of radiation working age. Conclusion： Occupational low- dose radiation exposure may have obviously effects on the micronucleus yield of medical X- ray workers.