微波在制备纳米金属及其化合物中的应用进展

Advanced Application of Microwave in Preparation of Nanometal and Nanometal Compounds Materials

纳米材料的制备方法分为化学法、物理法和综合法。综合法又包括超声沉淀法、激光沉淀法及微波合成法等。其中微波合成法具有快速、简便、节能、避免团聚等特点,受到人们的普遍关注。介绍了微波加热的作用原理及其特点,简述了近几年来微波在制备纳米金属粒子及其纳米金属化合物中的应用。与常规加热相比,微波加热所获得的纳米粒子由于粒子尺寸小、有效表面积大而使其具有特殊的小尺寸效应、表面效应、量子尺寸效应和宏观量子隧道效应等优点。因此,研发微波加热条件下制备纳米材料的新方法及开发出高性能的新型纳米材料将成为研究的热点。

The methods of preparing nanomaterial were divided into chemical, physical and comprehensive method. The comprehensive method included ultrasound depositing, laser depositing and microwave synthesis and so on. The microwave synthesis had been main due to its advantages of fast reaction, convenience, low energy, avoiding reunite et al. The reacting principle and property of the microwave heating were introduced. The recent application of microwave heating in preparing nanometal particle and nanometal compounds were simply summarized. The nanometal particle prepared by microwave heating had specially small size effect, surface effect, quanta size effect and macroscopical quanta tunnel effect due to its small size and big efficient surface area. So exploring new methods of preparing nanomaterial by microwave heating and gaining new nanomaterials of high perforrnance would be emphasizcvl.