泉州后渚港鼠类及染蚤本底调查报告

The Background of Rats and Flea-Infected Rate at Houzhu Port of Quanzhou

〔目的〕掌握泉州后渚港区鼠类及染蚤的种群和季节消长的本底情况,为口岸的传染病监测和卫生控制提供科学依据。〔方法〕从2003年5月中旬￣2004年5下旬对港区的鼠类及染蚤情况进行调查,每月上、中、下旬各调查1次,每个调查点采用鼠夹法和鼠笼法同时进行捕鼠。〔结果〕本次调查共捕获鼠类570只,经鉴定隶属2目2科3属6种,以臭鼩鼱和褐家鼠为优势种;鼠夹法年平均鼠密度为11.6%,鼠笼法为6.3%;不同生境鼠密度不同;从29只鼠体表检获蚤类121匹,染蚤率为30.9%。〔结论〕控制褐家鼠的种群密度是防鼠灭鼠的重点工作,在每年2￣3月和6￣8月是开展灭鼠活动的最好时机;采用不同的捕鼠方法,对调查结果有明显影响;所调查地域具有传播鼠疫的潜在危险,因此加强蚤类的监测实属必要。

Objective To find out the population of rats, the flea-infected rate of the rats and the seasonal growth and decline of the infected,and to lay a scientific foundation for the inspection of infectious diseases and the hygienic control. Methods Regular examinations were conducted three times a month, with both snap traps and cage traps used at every spot. Results A total of 570 rats were caught, belonging to two orders two families three genera and six species, and dominated by Suncus mufinus and Rattus norvegicus. The annual average of rat density was 11.6% by snap trap and 6.3% by cage trap. 121 fleas were detected on 29 rats, and the flea-infected rate was 30.9%. Conclusion Controlling the population density of sewer rats is our major responsibilities in preventing and killing rats.February to March and June to August are the best time for rat-killing of each year. Different rattraps used according to different rat density in different habitats have different effects on the investigation results. The investigated areas have hidden risk of plague spreading, so it is necessary to put emphasis on flea tests.