汉字听写障碍儿童形音联结个案研究

Case Study on Grapheme-sound Connection of a Child with Chinese Character Spelling Disability

目的:探索其汉字听写障碍儿童的认知加工特点,了解汉字听写障碍的发生机制及性质。方法:以对某患儿的个案研究为主,结合生理年龄和阅读水平对照组(各5人)。共三个实验,分别是视觉加工、语音加工、视听联结任务。结果:实验一、二的结果为个案在视觉和语音加工任务上并不落后于两对照组;而在实验三中,个案总分为11分,生理年龄对照组、阅读水平对照组的平均分为19分、14.6分,将三者两两之间进行二比率差异的显著性检验,结果个案与生理年龄对照组之间:Z=2.432,P<0.05;个案与阅读水平对照组之间:Z=1.124,P>0.05;两个对照组之间:Z=2.324,P<0.05。结论:本研究表明,形音联结落后是DT听写障碍的内在原因,汉字听写障碍与拼音文字障碍困难的认知加工机制不同,形音连接能力缺陷也许是汉字听写障碍的重要原因。

Objective： This research studied the cognitive mechanism of a child with Chinese character spelling disability and explored the occurrence mechanism and nature of Chinese character spelling disability. Methods： The design was mainly a case study of child named DT, with chronological-age-matched group and reading-level-matched group. The study included three experiments; they were visual processing tasks, phonological processing tasks, and grapheme-sound connection tasks. Results： The results of the first and second experiments showed that the visual and phonological processing ability of DT was not behind the two matched groups. But in the third experiment, DT＇s score was 11, that of the chronological-age-matched group was 19, while the read level matched group had an average score of 14.6. Rank test showed the difference between DT and aged matched group was statistically significant （ Z = 2. 432, P 〈 0.05 ） ; while the difference between DT and read level matched group had no statistical significance （ Z = 1.124, P 〈 0. 05 ） . Conclusions： The deficit of grapheme-sound connection ability is the inner cause of DT~ spelling disability, and the cognitive mechanism of Chinese character spelling disability is different with the one in English, the deficit of grapheme-sound connection ability maybe the important factor of the Chinese character spelling disability.