19世纪至20世纪初的俄国长篇小说

The Characteristics of Russian Novels in the 19th Century and Early in the 20th Century

19世纪及20世纪初的俄国现实主义长篇小说因肩负反对封建农奴制和抵制资本主义制度的双重任务而独秀于世界长篇小说之林。它重视文艺复兴和启蒙文学中冷静地观察、如实地描写、客观地反映社会面貌的现实主义传统,又表现出对充满人文精神的光明未来深深的求索。与西方现实主义长篇小说所宣扬的社会因素和生物因素决定人的原则不同,俄国现实主义长篇小说作家承认个体的精神自主性,并把它凌驾于物质世界和周围环境之上,但不割断人和社会环境的联系,而是深刻地、精细地展示两者之间的辩证关系。

In the 19th century and the early in the 20th century Russian realistic novels,which were celebrated for their double tasks of objecting to the feudal serfdom and resisting the capitalist system, attached importance to the realistic traditions of real and objective reflection stemming from Renaissance and Enlightenment, and manifested seeking for the bright future with humanism. Russian realistic novel writers accepted the individual freedom of mind and placed it above the physical world and surrounding environment, but did not sever relations between man and social environment in order to deeply and carefully show the dialectical relations between the two, which differs from Western realistic novel writers who publicize the people to be decided by social factors and biological factors.