5GOULD S. Characteristics of career planners in upwardly mobile occupations[ J ]. Academy of Management Journal, 1979,22 ( 3 ) : 539 - 550.
6ORPEN C. The efects of organizational and individual career man- agement on career success [ J]. International Journal of Manpower, 1994,15( 1 ) :27 -38.
7GUTIERIDGE T G. Organizational career development systems: The state of the practice [ M ]. San Francisco: Jossey - Bass, 1986:50 -94.
8GRANROSE C S, APORTWOOD J D. Matching individual career plans and organizational career management[ J]. Academy of Man- agement Journal, 1987:699 -720.
9PAZY A. Joint Responsibility: The relationships between organi- zational and individual career management and the effectiveness of careers[ J ]. Group and Organization Studies, 1988,13 : 311 - 331.
10ILES P, MABEY C. Managerial career development program : Eft'i- centiveness, avialablity and acceptability [ J ]. British Journal of Management, 1993,4 : 103 - 118.