黄河流域灾害环境综合治理对策

Treatment Policy to Comprehensively Harness the Disaster Environment in the Yellow River Basin

黄河流域主要自然灾害可以概括为６类，即决溢洪水灾害、地震灾害、旱涝灾害、暴雨地质灾害、土地退化灾害和其它灾害。流域水资源开发利用对灾害环境虽有所改善，但仍存在不少问题，需采取相应对策加以解决，如建立节水型社会、黄河水沙调控系统及枯水调整机制等。黄河中游环境脆弱，水土流失严重，治理的基本模式是社会进步措施与技术措施相结合。在黄河下游洪泛高危险区，应制定详细的防灾减灾规划，设法提高洪泛区的排涝能力，建设避水工程等安全设施，同时应建立洪水保险制度。

The major natural disaster in the Yellow River basin can be s ummarized into 6 patterns,i.e.,flood disaster by dyke break lug,earthquake,draught and flood calamity, geological calamity by storm,land deterioration.and other calamities. Even though the water resource utilization and development in the area improve the disaster conditions,there are still a lot of problems needed to solve through water saving treatments, the Yellow River water and sediment adjusting system,water regulating in dry seasons, and others' Because of the poor environment and intensive soil and water loss in the middle Yellow River,the treatment pattern should be the combination of advanced technology with sociaty developmgnt. In the lower Yellow River where is of higher danger o f flood disaster,there should have detail disaster protection and reduction planning to promote the drainage ability,construct flood protection project and other safety facilities,and set up flood insurance system at the same time.