孟德斯鸠的分权制衡论

Montesquieu's Theory about Dividing Power to Keep in Balance

十八世纪法国著名的启蒙思想家孟德斯鸠,以英国君主立宪制为原型,在洛克分权理论的基础上,第一次较为系统地阐述了立法、行政、司法三权分立和三权互相制衡的资本主义宪政原则。孟德斯鸠的分权制衡论产生了积极而深远的影响,它对于近代西方民主政治的建设,功不可没；至今这一理论仍被西方国家奉为政权建设的普遍原则。

Montesquieu, France renowned enlightened thinker at the18th century, first systematically elaborated the legislation, the administration, the judicial separation of powers and three power keeping in balance mutually capitalism constitutional government principle, taking the English constitutional monarchy system as the prototype, on the basis of the dividing power theory of Locker. His theory has been positive and the profound influence, and it contributes to the modern west democratic politics construction greatly, which is still presented for the political power construction universal principle by the western nations until now.