生物柴油制备技术的研究进展

Advance in Research for Preparation of Biodiesel Oil

生物柴油不仅燃烧性能与石油柴油相当,且具有环境友好、资源可再生的优点,是替代石油柴油的理想燃料之一。综述了热裂解法和酯交换法(包括化学催化法、酶催化法和超临界法)制备生物柴油的最新研究进展,并探讨了各种制备方法的优缺点和应用前景。为降低生物柴油成本,应采用廉价原料(如废油脂)。对于酸值高的废油脂,宜采用固体酸和离子液体等环境友好催化剂。

Biodiesel oil not only burns similarly to diesel oil from petroleum, but also is environmentally friendly and renewable. So it is an ideal substitute for diesel oil from petroleum. In this paper, several technologies of pyrolysis, transesterificafion and latest research achievements were reviewed, including chemical catalysis, enzyme catalysis and supercrifical method for production of biodiesel oil. In order to reduce production cost of biodiesel oil, inexpensive materials, namely waste oils and fats, can be used as materials. For waste oils and fats with high acid value, the suitable environmentally friendly catalysts are solid acid and ionic liquid.