伊拉克教派结构与政治分裂危机

Religious Factions and Political Divisive Crisis in Iraq

伊拉克教派问题主要是逊尼派与什叶派的冲突,这一矛盾的生成有深厚的历史背景、英国殖民主义的插手,以及阿拉伯民族主义和泛伊斯兰主义在实践进程中的行动理念格格不入等因素。萨达姆的复兴党政权采用“胡萝卜加大棒”的手段,使教派矛盾一直处于压抑的状态。伊拉克战争后,美国“大中东民主化”战略使伊拉克长期受压抑的教派矛盾得以释放,成为国家整合的结构性难题,其结果总是催生政治分裂危机和伊拉克内战趋向的显现。解决伊拉克教派问题,取决于多种因素的互动与合作。

The issue of religious factions in Iraq focuses on the conflicts between Shi’ah and Sunni. There were many deeply backgrounds for these conflicts, such as the Islamic divisions in its history, the Great Britain’s intervenes in Iraq, the lasting contradictions between Arab nationalism and Pan-Islam. During Saddam Hussein’s rule in Iraq, the Arab Baath Socialist Party took a hand like the carrot and the stick, so that the relation between these two divisions kept in tension. After the Iraq War in 1991, the tension of the religious factions broke out because of the collapse of Saddam Hussein’s rule. The implement of America’s reforming the Middle East released the tensions, but the contradictions of the religious factions are becoming the conflicts of national political structure adjustment. The issue of religious factions in Iraq is leading to a new divisive crisis, and the danger of a civil war is probably coming year. The key to resolve Iraq’s religious factions is to increase trusts and cooperation for the parties concerned.