近代早期教皇的财政政策

Papal Financial Policy in the Early Modern Period

国际学术界普遍认为,在西欧社会转型过程中,天主教是一种保守的中世纪势力。但通过对近代早期教皇的财政政策的研究,证明教廷本身也存在着制度变迁,其变化并不像有的学者认为的那样是反常的逆流。从它采取的卖官鬻爵、发行国债等财政政策来看,当时罗马教廷就已经历着一个根本性的变化,即它的实际生活方式的变化,从依赖其等级特权为生到运用现代金融手段度日。教廷的经济生活与经济原则也因之发生改变,而被纳入新的经济秩序与经济原则中去。

It is generally accepted that Catholic Church is a conservative and die-hard element in the transition of Western Society. By approaching the Papal Fiscal Policy in the Early Modern Period, the author affirms that the economic life of the Papacy changed from living on Feudal Revenues to on the Venal office, long-term and short-term credits which made the Papal llfe bound with what happened in the financial market in the 15^th-17^th centuries, and the traditional financial system was modified to fit with the capitalist economic system and order. Thus, there is institutional change in the papacy, and which was not eccentric, but closely comparable with that which took place in other European governments.