黑龙江省小麦育种状况分析及研发对策

Analysis on Condition of Wheat Breeding in Heilongjiang Province And the Relative Tactics Study

“七五”至“十五”期间(1986—2005年)黑龙江省共审定推广了90个小麦新品种,其中中熟和晚熟品种占到64.4%。单产由1986年的1808kg/hm2提高到2005年的3167kg/hm2,单产提高1.75倍。产量增加的主要原因是千粒重增加;品质也有不同程度的改进,主要表现在沉降值提高上。在小麦育种上采用了新技术,并取得了很好的育种效果。育种品种数量虽多,但突破性品种较少。根据存在问题,提出了4条研发建议。

From 1986 to 2005, 90 wheat varieties have been bred and popularized in Heilongjiang province. In these varieties, medium varieties and late varieties make up 64.4%. Per unit area yield is 1808 kg/hm^2 in 1986, but is 3167 kg/hm^2 in 2005, it increased by 1.75 per cent. The main cause of increase per unit area yield is increase of 1000-grain weight. The quantity of varieties has been improved, that important manifestation is increase of sedimentation value. Despite the large quantity of wheat varieties in the Heilongjiang province, we are still short of outstanding wheat varieties. According to present problem, 4 suggestions have been put forward.