小麦玉米带田高产平衡施肥研究

Study of High Yield Balancing Fertilization in Wheat Inter-cropping Maize Field

研究采用土壤养分状况系统研究法,根据土壤养分亏缺状况,平衡微量元素后确定氮磷钾的适宜用量,研究小麦玉米带田的平衡施肥方案。试验结果表明,氮、磷、钾及微量元素的平衡施用改善了小麦、玉米的经济性状,提高了小麦千粒重、玉米的穗粒数、穗粒重和千粒重;平衡微量元素后带田中限制小麦产量的主要因子是氮、磷,限制玉米产量的主要因子是氮、磷、钾;平衡施肥处理的产量、产值与纯收入均增加,其中处理N2P2K2的产值与纯收入最高,分别为17085元/hm2和15240元/hm2。综合分析结果说明,小麦玉米带田高产平衡施肥配方应为N2P2K2。

The objective is to study balancing fertilization scenario by determining the appropriate dosage of nitrogen, phosphor and potassium after balancing microelements which are deficient in soil according to soil nutrients status from result of soil nutrients systematic evaluation method that adopted to study soil nutrients. Results of the experiment show that balancing application of nitrogen, phosphor, potassium and microelements can improve economic character of wheat and maize seeds and increase thousands grain weight of wheat and maize seeds, seeds number and seeds weight per spike of maize. Nitrogen and phosphor are the main limited factors to increase wheat yield. Nitrogen, phosphor and potassium are the main limited factors to increase maize yield after balancing microelement. The yield and product value and net income of treatments with balancing fertilization increased, of which treated by N2P2K2 is the highest, which are 17085 Yuan/hm^2 and 15240 Yuan/hm^2 respectively. The high yield balancing fertilization scenario should be N2P2K2 according to the integrated analysis of above result.