巴人来源的传说与史实

The Origin of the Ancient Ba People:Folklore and Historical Facts

先秦巴人是由多支族群所构成的多元化亚民族集团。因各支系来源的不同,关于自身来源的传说也不同。由于古代文献取材的地域和年代有差异,导致学术界对于巴的含义、巴人的族属与地域、巴国王族的来源,以至先秦究竟有几个巴国等问题长期存在分歧。巴人不等于巴国,先秦只有一个巴国,即周武王所分封的宗姬巴国,是著名的汉阳诸姬之一。宗姬是巴国的王族即统治者,而史籍所载的巴地八族以及廪君蛮,则是居息在巴国境内的属民。

The ancient Ba people in the pre-Qin era was a multi-cultural federation of various ethnic groups. Their differing origins resulted in different folklores about these origins. As ancient literature about the Ba people came from different places and times, there has always been ambiguity in the research community about the meaning of the name, their ethnicity and territory, and the origin of their royal family. There are even disparities on the number of Ba states in the pre-Qin era. The author of this article holds that Ba people as a term cannot be used interchangeably with the term Ba State. There was only one state named Ba during the pre-Qin era, which was the princedom granted to Prince Zong by King Wu of the Zhou Dynasty. Prince Zong, one of the famous princes in Hanyang, was the ruler of Ba State. The eight tribes of the Ba place and Lin jun man (廪君蛮,another ancient tribe) recorded in the historical literature were all subjects of the Ba State.