楚秦选择术的异同及影响——以出土文献为中心

A Discussion on Soothsaying in the Qin and Chu and its Influence

由于司马迁《日者列传》原文亡佚,早期选择术的概貌及齐、楚、秦、赵各地选择术的异同一直无从探究。近年随着大量战国秦汉简帛文献的相继出土,讨论这些问题的条件业已具备。从出土文献考察,楚、秦两地使用的选择术同出一源,但具体方法存在较大差异;后世流行的一些重要选择方法如“建除”、“丛辰”、“咸池”、“十二禽”之类,都可能出自秦系选择术。秦系选择术对后世的影响远远超过楚系。

As the text of 'Ri zhe lie zhuan'(Biographies of Soothsayers) has been lost, we are left with no clues as to the general conditions of soothsaying in remote times and its application in the states of Qi, Chu, Qin and Zhao respectively. The bamboo and silk documents of the Warring States and Qin and Han Dynasties, unearthed in recent years, make discussion of the field possible. Soothsaying was carried out differently in the Chu and the Qin states, although they shared the same origin. Some major techniques of soothsaying in later times, such as jian chu (建除), cong chen(丛辰), xian chi(咸池), shi'er qin (十二禽), may all have come from the practice in Qin. Soothsaying as practiced in Qin had a much greater influence on later generations than that practiced in Chu.