塔里木盆地新疆出血热蜱类及宿主动物感染调查

Geography and host distribution of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in the Tarim Basin

目的检测塔里木盆地蜱类、啮齿动物和家畜新疆出血热(克里米亚-刚果出血热, CCHF)的感染状况和自然界分布现状。方法将病原材料蜱或啮齿动物脏器或羊血液标本接种1-2日龄乳鼠,取具有典型临床症状的检查材料采用反向血凝(RPHA)和免疫荧光(IFA)方法做免疫学鉴定,并采用RT-PCR技术检测目标材料中CCHFV特异性S基因片段。结果实验室接种采集自环塔里木盆地21个县(市)的蜱类、啮齿动物脏器和羊血液标本422组,获得典型临床症状发病材料49份,其中以巴楚、尉犁、于田和若羌地区的新疆出血热临床典型发病检出率较高。用RPHA鉴定43份,阳性6份,阳性率为1．4％;RPHA阳性材料分布于尉犁、轮台和于田3个地区。用IFA鉴定42份,阳性13份,阳性率为3．1％;IFA阳性材料分布于巴楚、尉犁、民丰、轮台和于田5个地区。用RT-PCR方法检测32份,检测到CCHFV特异性S基因片段(329-548 nt)31份,阳性材料分布于阿克苏、阿瓦提、巴楚、洛浦、尉犁、民丰、且末、若羌、轮台和于田10个地区。以亚东璃眼蜱的感染率最高,其次是羊,从子午沙鼠脏器材料中检测到CCHFV S基因片段。结论新疆出血热在新疆南部地区是以河流为依托,分布在环塔里木盆地区的沙漠绿洲胡杨灌木区域内,主要宿主媒介是亚东璃眼蜱,羊、骆驼等家畜和塔里木兔、子午沙鼠和大耳跳鼠可作为新疆出血热的储存宿主。

Objective To determine the infective status and natural distribution of Xinjiang hemorrhagic fever （XHF; Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever, CCHF） in ticks, rodents and livestock in the Tarim Basin. Methods The pathogenic materials of ticks or rodents＇ viscera and blood samples of sheep were inoculated into sucking mouse of 24 to 48-hour old. Materials with typical clinic symptoms were identified with RPHA and IFA. RT-PCR was taken to detect special S gene segment of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus（CCHFV） in the objective material. Results All the samples of ticks, rodents＇ viscera and blood samples of sheep from 21 counties （cities） in the Tarim Basin were divided into 422 groups and inoculated into sucking mouse at laboratory. 49 materials with typical clinic symptoms were obtained. The morbidity rate with typical clinic XHF was high in Bachu, Yuli, Yutian and Ruoqiang. There were 43 samples identified with RPHA with 6 positive samples and positive rate of 1.4%. The materials with positive RPHA were found in Yuli, Luntai and Yutian, 42 samples were identified with IFA and 13 positive samples with the positive rate of 3.1%. The postrive materials of IFA were found in Bachu, Yuli, Minfeng, Luntai and Yutian. 32 samples were detected with RT-PCR and there were 31 samples with special S gene segment of CCHFV （329-548 nt）. The positive materials was widely distributed in Aksu, Awat, Bachu, Luopu, Yuli, Minfeng, Qiemo, Ruoqiang, Luntai and Yutian. The highest infective rate was in Hyalomma asiaticum kozlovi, and followed by sheep. S gene segment was detected in viscera of M, meridianus. Conclusion XHF relied on the river in the southern part of Xinjiang and distributed in the areas with Populus euphratica shrub in desert and oasis in the Tarim Basin. The main vector and host were Hyalomma asiaticum kozlovi, Livestock such as sbeep, camel, L. yarkandensis, M, meridianus and Euchoreutes naso could serve as the deposited host of XHF.