全国2004-2006年麻疹流行病学特征和预防控制措施分析

Analysis on Epidemiological Characteristics and Control Measures of Measles in China During 2004-2006

目的 了解全国（未包括香港、澳门特别行政区和台湾地区）2004-2006年麻疹流行病学特征和预防控制（防控）措施，为进一步控制和消除麻疹提供依据。方法 对麻疹发病和防控措施进行描述流行病学分析。结果 全国2005年麻疹疫情回升，报告发病率为9．50／10万，2006年（1～6月，下同）总体发病水平低于2005年同期。2004年以前西部地区麻疹发病率较高，2005年开始东部地区和东北三省麻疹发病率上升明显，西部地区麻疹发病率相对下降。〈15岁儿童麻疹病例数分别占2004、2005、2006年总病例数的83．90％、70．33％、66．81％，呈逐年减少趋势，但≤1岁儿童麻疹病例构成逐年增加，从2004年的4．54％上升到2006年21．15％。2005年流动人口麻疹病例占总病例数的37％，主要集中在经济发展较快的省和大城市，新疆维吾尔自治区和贵州省麻疹疫苗（MV）强化免疫效果明显。结论 应进一步加强MV常规免疫，防控麻疹爆发；高发省份在适当时候开展MV强化免疫；针对近年麻疹一些流行病学特征发生变化，开展防控和消除麻疹应用性研究。

Objective In order to know measles epidemiological characteristics in China during 2004- 2006 and provide evidence for strategies and measures of measles prevention and control. Methods Analyzing measles epidemiology and control measures with descriptive epidemiology. Results The reported measles incidence rate of China was 9.05/100000 in 2005. The incidence rate in 2006 is lower than that of the same period of 2005. The measles incidence rate is higher in western provinces in 2004,and higher in eastern and eastern-northern provinces in 2005. The proportions of measles cases aged 0-14 years old in 2004,2005, and 2006 are 83.90%, 70.33% and 66.81% respectively, which shows a decreasing trend. But the proportions of measles cases aged 0-1 year old are increased from 4.54 in 2004 to 21.15 in 2006.37% of all cases are floating population in the whole China in 2005 and the proportions are over 50 % in rome developed provinces and big cities. The incidences decline rernarkably in Xinjiang and Guizhou Provinces after measles vaccination campaign. Conclusions Routine vaccination should be strengthened to prevent and control measles. Provinces with high incidence rate of measles should conduct measles vaccination campaign at suitable time. According to measles epidemiological characteristics in China, the application studies on measles prevention and control should be conducted.