限制性体位窒息死亡的国内外研究进展

Recent Progress in Research on Positional Asphyxia of Restraint

限制性体位窒息是指被限制于某种异常体位,造成了自主呼吸功能的障碍引起的窒息,严重时可引起死亡,属机械性窒息中的特殊类型。从国内外有关案例报道来看,限制性体位窒息死亡可以发生在多种环境、体位下。由于早年限制性体位窒息死亡的案例没有引起足够的重视,其作为一个法医学课题起步较晚。近年来由于发生率猛增,已引起国内外法医学家们的极大关注,并对其发生机理、鉴定标准等方面进行了大量研究,但从研究的成果来看,尚不能形成一些客观的鉴定指标,由此,国外关于限制性体位窒息的研究重点已转向其发生的危险因素评估及如何预防。本文就其死亡机理、危险因素及预防、鉴定标准和展望等方面作一综述。

Positional asphyxia of restraint means that when an individual was limited in an abnormal body position, asphyxia would take place owing to the disorder of spontaneous respiratory function, and finally it lead to die. So, it belongs to a special type of the mechanical asphyxia. From the cases reported, we could found that it would take place in several conditions. Because the cases were not caused enough recognition, the study has been researched carefully only in recent years. Following the more cases reported, many experts of forensic medicine had investigated it on the mechanism of death and the standard of identification, but they could not reach to agreements. So, they have changed the directions of the researches, began to value the factors of risk and research how to avoid it. In the following text, the mechanism of death, factors of risk, preventive methods, standard of identification and prospecting of positional asphyxia of restraint were reviewed.