六种基因型草坪草的染色体核型分析(简报)

Karyotype analysis on six genotypes of turfgrass

对禾本科羊茅属和黑麦草属6种基因型草坪草的染色体核型进行了分析,结果表明,6个种的染色体数均为2n=2x=14,都为中部着丝粒或近中部着丝粒染色体,所有染色体中均未见随体。核型公式显示高羊茅品种“自豪”为2n=14=8m+6sm、“家园”为2n=14=12m+2sm、“猎狗5号”为2n=14=14m、“羊茅极品”为2n=14=14m;多年生黑麦草品种“绅士”为2n=14=8m+6sm、“黑麦王子”为2n=14=10m+4sm。羊茅属4个品种具有3种核型:2B、2A和1B;黑麦草属2个品种核型也不相同,分别为2A和2B。表明同一属下不同品种间染色体核型存在差异,而不同属下某些品种却有相同的核型类型,为通过草坪草不同属间远缘杂交进行遗传改良创造了条件。

Karyotype analysis of six cultivars of turfgrass （Loliurn perenne and Festuca arundinacea ） showed that the numbers of chromosomes in the six cultivars were 2n = 2x = 14. All the chromosomes were median and submedian centromeric, with no SAT. Their karyotype formulas were. Pride （Festuca arundinacea） 2n=14=Sm＋6sm; Plantation （ Festuca arundinacea ） 2n： 14 =12m＋2sm; Houndog5 （ Festuca arundinacea ） 2n=14=14m; Fescue premiurn （Festuca arundinacea ） 2n= 14=14m. Esquire （Loliurn perenne） 2n= 14=8m＋ 6sm; Rye prince （Loliurn perenne） 2n=14=10m＋4sm. There were three karyotypes （2B, 2A and 1B）, among the four cultivars of Festuca arundinacea, and two karyotypes （2B and 2A） of Lolium perenne. The results indicated some diversity of karyotypse within a species, and consanguinity existed in different genera. It is suggested that genetic improvement of turfgrass through wide crosses is feasible.