糖尿病知识教育对糖调节受损患者膳食和营养结构的影响

Effects of knowledge about diabetes on status of diet and nutrient intakes of patients with imparted glucose regulation

目的探讨在糖调节受损患者中开展以血糖生成指数(GI)知识为基础的营养教育和膳食指导对患者的膳食和营养结构的影响。方法随机选取糖调节受损患者(IGR)76例,对照组和实验组各38例。对照组采取平衡饮食教育为主,实验组以GI知识宣传教育为主。营养教育和膳食指导9个月,观察患者的膳食结构、就餐GI值和营养摄入状况的变化。结果与教育前相比,实验组教育后低GI食物和鱼类的选择显著增加,瘦肉、肥肉、烹调油减少,全天总GI值降低,能量(EN)、碳水化合物(CHO)、钙(Ca)、镁(Mg)、维生素A(Vit A)、维生素B1(Vit B1)、维生素B2(Vit B2)、维生素C(Vit C)和膳食纤维(DF)摄入量增高,蛋白质(Pro)、脂肪(Fat)降低。与教育后对照组相比,实验组营养教育后,低GI食物和鱼类显著增多,瘦肉减少,全天总GI值降低,Ca、Mg、Vit A、Vit B1、Vit B2、Vit C和DF摄入量增高,Fat降低。结论在糖调节受损患者中开展基于GI知识的营养教育,可降低患者全天总GI值,有效地改善患者膳食和营养结构。

Objective To observe the effects of glyeemic index （GI） on status of diet and nutrient intakes of patients with imparted gluaxse regulation （IGR）, Methods 76 patients with IGR were selected and randomly separated into two group, 38 patients each group. Nutritional instruction of the knowledge of food GI was used in experiment group, Different forms of education were adopted. After nine months, the index such as the chamages of dietary behavior, nutrient intakes and so on were measured to assess the effects of food GI knowledge application. Results After the education, consumption of low-GI food and fish increased, lean meat, fatty meat and cooking mineral oils decreased, GI values decreased, energy （ EN）, carbohydrate （CHO）, calcium （Ca）, magnesium （Mg）, vitamine A （Vit A）, vitamine B1（Vit B1 ）, vitamine B2 （Vit B2 ）, vitamine C （Vit C） and dietary fiber （I）F） increased, protein （Pro） and fat decreased among the patients in experiment group. Compared with the control group after education, the consumption of low-GI food and fish increased, lean meat decreased, GI values decreased, Ca, Mg, VitA, Vit B1, Vit B2, Vit C and DF increased, Fat decreased the patients in experiment group after education. Conclusion Nutritional education of GI knowledge is effective to increase GI values and improve status of diet and nutrition among patients with imparted glucose regulation.