高静水压诱导水稻产生突变的研究

Research on Mutation in Rice(Oryza Sativa L.) Induced by High Hydrostatic Pressure

以78 MPa高静水压力处理已浸泡10 h的水稻(Oryza sativaL.)粤香占、粤丰占和测64种子12 h,成苗后移栽至大田,对其处理当代和后代的农艺性状进行调查和分析,结果表明,处理当代中,粤香占、粤丰占和测64的穗粒数分别增加了5.2%、1.2%和17.0%,且测64达到显著性差异水平;测64处理的生育期延长10 d,而粤香占和粤丰占则分别早熟5 d和2 d。在处理的当代和后代中出现了可遗传的突变体,突变性状中既有质量性状也有数量性状,其中紫色叶鞘和穗下节伸长属于质量性状突变,株高、粒长和穗粒数等属于数量性状突变。突变频率因品种不同而存在差异,表现为:测64>粤丰占>粤香占。通过4年6代的筛选,共获得近100份包括叶、茎、穗、粒、育性和生育期等性状发生明显变异的突变体,已稳定的突变株系22个,其中7个突变株系的综合性状明显较对照好,具有良好的应用前景。

Seeds of three rice （Oryza sativa L. ） cultivars, Yuexiangzhan, Yuefengzhan and Ce 64,were soaked for 10 h,and then were treated by high hydrostatic pressure （78 MPa） for 12 h. The seedlings of high pressure treatment and control were transplanted in the field after sowing of 30 d. Mutation type of characters and selection of excellent varieties were investigated. The results indicated that： （1） In M1 generation,grain numbers per panicle of Yuexiangzhan,Yuefengzhan and Ce 64 treated by high hydrostatic pressure （HHP） increased by 5.2%, 1.2% and 17.0%, respectively. Ce 64 delayed 10 d but Yuexiangzhan and Yuefengzhan advanced 5 d and 2 d in period of duration. （2） There were quality and quantity traits among the mutation traits by HHP. For instance,dominant mutation in leaf sheath made green leaf sheath become purple leaf sheath, while recessive mutation in the node length below panicle made node length of treatment longer than that of control. Mutation in plant height,awn length and grain numbers per panicle belonged to mutation of quantity traits. （3） Mutation frequency and the time from mutant to stable mutation lines varied among species. Mutation frequency of Ce 64 in M1 generation was 8% while that of Yuefengzhan and Yuexiangzhan was 1‰ and 5‰, respectively. （4） Currently one hundred mutants were found in the field. Twenty-two mutants had no significant separations and seven of them displayed remarkable advantages in comprehensive traits than their control.