第二松花江干流重金属污染物健康风险评价

Assessment on Health Risk of Heavy Metals in the Second Songhua River

利用健康风险评价模式,选取2004年水质监测数据,对第二松花江(简称二松,下同)干流12个断面重金属污染物由饮水途径所致健康风险进行了评价。结果表明,C(rⅥ)在松花江村等4个断面、As在九站断面健康危害个人年风险均高于国际辐射防护委员会(ICRP)推荐的最大可接受风险水平;非化学致癌物的个人年风险为Pb大于Hg,各个断面两种污染物的健康年风险均未超过国际辐射防护委员会(ICRP)推荐的最大可接受风险水平;化学致癌物对人体健康危害的个人年风险远远超过非致癌物的年风险;在所有断面中共有6个断面重金属污染物健康风险超标,主要原因是水体中C(rⅥ)和As浓度过高。因此,对产生含C(rⅥ)和As废水的工业企业废水排放进行控制是降低二松干流水环境健康风险的有效途径。

To quantitatively describe the harm of heavy metals in the water environment on public health in the Second Songhua River, the health risk of heavy metals was assessed based on the model for health risk analysis and the monitoring data in 2004. The result shows that the health risks of Cr （Ⅵ） to the individual person per year in terms of carcinogens is higher than the standard value recommended by ICRP in four sections. The health risk of As to the individual person per year is higher than the standard in tile Jiuzhan section. The health risk to the individual person per year in terms of non-carcinogens through drinking caused by Pb is higher than Hg. The heahh risk of carcinogens is much higher than that of non-carcinogens. Among all the sections, Songhuajiang section is most heavily polluted, followed by Zhenjiangkou, Jiuzhan, Xumuchang, Xidazuizi and Ganshuigang section, where the greatest health risk to the individual person per year are higher than the standard value recommended by ICRP which caused by Cr （Ⅵ） and As. Thus it is an effective way to reduce the discharge of Cr （Ⅵ） and As into the second Songhua River to decrease the environmental health risk.